An electric furnace is a device that uses the heat generated by the electrothermal effect to heat materials in order to achieve the desired physical and chemical changes. For example, a steelmaking electric arc furnace is a device with a furnace body and a hearth, in which the arc discharge effect is used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to achieve the melting process of the charge.
There are many types of electric furnaces in the industry and they are widely used. For the convenience of naming and discussion, electric furnaces are classified according to their characteristics:
(1) According to the electric heating method: resistance furnace, induction furnace, arc furnace, plasma furnace, electron beam furnace, dielectric (microwave) heating equipment;
(2) According to the heating method: radiation type, convection type, conduction type;
(3) According to the atmosphere in the furnace: ordinary atmosphere, controlled atmosphere, vacuum furnace;
(4) According to the characteristics of the furnace body structure: vertical, horizontal, chamber, straight-through, box, well, annular, hood, melting pool furnace, crucible furnace, melting groove furnace, solidification shell furnace, etc.;
(5) According to the material conveying method: push type, roller bottom type, crawler type, stepping type, trolley type, etc.;
(6) According to the operation mode: intermittent type, continuous type;
(7) According to the characteristics of the power supply: DC, AC (industrial frequency, medium frequency, high frequency);
(8) According to the purpose of heating: melting, rolling, casting and forging, heat treatment, drying, etc.
Resistance furnaces include trolley resistance furnaces, double trolley resistance furnaces, box resistance furnaces, pit resistance furnaces and large trolley furnaces.
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